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Faltonia Betitia Proba (přibližně 306/315 – 353/366 n. l.) byla římská křesťanská básnířka, možná první křesťanská básnířka, jejíž dílo se zachovalo. Složila ''Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi'', cento z Vergiliových veršů sestavených tak, aby vytvořily epickou báseň věnovanou životu Ježíše Krista.

Život

Faltonia Betitia Proba byla příslušnicí vlivného patricijského rodu, její otec Petronius Probianus byl v roce 322 římským konzulem, matka se pravděpodobně jmenovala Demetria. Římským konsulem byl i její děd Pompeius Probus (310) a také bratr Petronius Probinus (341). V roce 351 se Proba provdala za římského prefekta Clodia Celsina Adelpha, jejich sňatkem došlo ke spojení mocných rodů Petroniů a Aniciů. Manželé měli nejméně dva syny, Quinta Clodia Hermogeniana Olybria a Faltonia Proba Alypia, oba se stali vysokými císařskými důstojníky.

//Měla také vnučku Aniciu Faltonii Proba, dceru Olybria a Tirrania Anicia Juliana .

Probianus was a member of the Petronii Probi, a family of the senatorial aristocracy. He was the son of Pompeius Probus, consul in 310, the father of Petronius Probinus, consul in 341, and of the poet Faltonia Betitia Proba, and the grandfather of Sextus Petronius Probus, consul in 371.

Probianus was proconsul of Africa in 315–317, consul in 322, and praefectus urbi of Rome from October 8, 329, to April 12, 331.//

Její rodina byla pohanská, ale Proba v dospělosti konvertovala ke křesťanství, ovlivnila i svého manžela a syny, takže později konvertovali také. Manželé byli pravděpodobně pohřbeni v bazilice di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino v Římě, jejich náhrobní deska, která se tam až do 16. století nacházela, byla nejprve přemístěna do Villa Borghese a nakonec se ztratila. Spojení mezi Faltonií Betitii Probou a bazilikou může souviset se svatou Anastázií, která pravděpodobně pocházela z rodu Aniciů, a pro mimořádnou úctu, kterou Anciové světici prokazovali, mohli být Proba a Celsinus pohřbeni ad sanctos, tedy na čestném místě vedle jejího hrobu.

Dílo

Faltonii Betitii Probě jsou připisovány dvě básně, z nichž se dochovala pouze jedna. Druhou možnou autorkou je její neteř Anicia Faltonia Proba .

Constantini bellum adversus Magnentium

První báseň, nyní ztracená, se podle Codexu Mutinensis nazývala Constantini bellum adversus Magnentium (Válka Constantia proti Magnentiovi). Zabývala se válkou mezi římským císařem Constantiem II. a uzurpátorem Magnentiem. Probin zájem o válku souvisí s jejím manželem, který byl v roce 351 praefectus urbi, a téhož roku utrpěl Magnentius v bitvě u Mursy rozhodující porážku.

Existenci prvního díla dokládají úvodní verše druhé básně, v nichž Proba svou pohanskou skladbu zavrhuje. Vědci se domnívají, že báseň byla zničena z její vůle.

Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi

Proba's most famous work is a Virgilian centoŠablona:Emdasha patchwork of verses extracted from several works of Virgil, with minimal modificationsŠablona:Emdashentitled Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi (A Virgilian Cento Concerning the Glory of Christ). The 694 lines are divided into a proemium with invocation (lines 1–55), episodes from the Old Testament (lines 56-345), episodes from the New Testament (lines 346–688), and an epilogue (lines 689–694).

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Faltonia Betitia Proba (c. AD 306/315 – c. 353/366) was a Latin Roman Christian poet, perhaps the earliest female Christian poet whose work survives. A member of one of the most influential aristocratic families, she composed the Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi, a cento composed with verses by Virgil re-ordered to form an epic poem centred on the life of Jesus.

Obsah

• 1Life
• 2Works
  • 2.1Constantini bellum adversus Magnentium
  • 2.2Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi
• 3References
  • 3.1Citations
  • 3.2Bibliography
• 4External links

Life[editovat zdroj]

Proba belonged to an influential family of the 4th century, the Petronii Probi. Her father was Petronius Probianus, Roman consul in 322, while her mother was probably called Demetria. She had a brother, Petronius Probinus, appointed consul in 341; also her grandfather, Pompeius Probus, had been a consul, in 310. Proba married Clodius Celsinus Adelphus, praefectus urbi of Rome in 351, thus creating a bond with the powerful gens Anicia. They had at least two sons, Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius and Faltonius Probus Alypius, who became high imperial officers. She also had a granddaughter Anicia Faltonia Proba, daughter of Olybrius and Tirrania Anicia Juliana.

Her family was pagan, but Proba converted to Christianity when she was an adult, influencing her husband and her sons, who converted after her. Proba died before Celsinus. She was probably buried with her husband in the Basilica di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino in Rome, where, until the 16th century, there was their funerary inscription, later moved to Villa Borghese before disappearing. The bond between Proba and this church might be related to Saint Anastasia, who probably belonged to the gens Anicia: Proba and Celsinus could have received the honour of being buried ad sanctos (next to the tomb of a saint), because of the particular veneration of the Anicii for this saint.

With her husband she owned the Horti Aciliorum at Rome, on the Pincian Hill.

Works[editovat zdroj]

Two poems are attributed to "Proba", and only one is extant. Most modern scholars identify Faltonia Betitia Proba as the author of these works, with the other possible identification being her niece Anicia Faltonia Proba.

Constantini bellum adversus Magnentium[editovat zdroj]

The first poem, now lost, is called Constantini bellum adversus Magnentium (The War of Constantine against Magnentius) by the Codex Mutinensis. It dealt with the war between Roman Emperor Constantius II and the usurper Magnentius. Proba was involved to this war through her husband Clodius Celsinus Adelphus, who had been praefectus urbi of Rome in 351, that the same year Italy passed from the sphere of influence of Magnentius to Constantius after the Battle of Mursa Major.

The existence of this first poem is based on the first verses of the second poem. Here Proba rejects her first Pagan composition, and scholars think that the Pagan poem was destroyed according to her will.

Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi[editovat zdroj]

Main article: Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi

Proba's most famous work is a Virgilian cento—a patchwork of verses extracted from several works of Virgil, with minimal modifications—entitled Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi (A Virgilian Cento Concerning the Glory of Christ). The 694 lines are divided into a proemium with invocation (lines 1–55), episodes from the Old Testament (lines 56-345), episodes from the New Testament (lines 346–688), and an epilogue (lines 689–694).

References[editovat zdroj]

Citations[editovat zdroj]

1. ^ Fassina.
2. ^ Anthony Wagner, "Pedigree and Progress – Essays in the genealogical interpretation of history, Phillimore, London, (1975) Pedigree 22, page 180
3. ^
4. ^ Michele Renee Salzman, On Roman time: the codex-calendar of 354 and the rhythms of urban life in late antiquity University of California Press, 1990, ISBN 0-520-06566-2, p. 229.
5. ^ CIL VI, 1712.
6. ^ Skočit nahoru k:^{a b} Lizzi Testa.
7. ^ Samuel Ball Platner, "Horti Aciliorum", A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, Oxford University Press, 1929.
8. ^ Green 1995, p. 551.
9. ^ Jane Stevenson, Women Latin Poets, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-818502-2, p. 65.
10. ^

External links[editovat zdroj]

• "Proba/Faltonia Betitia Proba (c. 322–c. 370)" by Dorothy Disse