Seznam velkoplošných teplotních rekonstrukcí dvou posledních tisíciletí
Tento seznam velkoplošných teplotních rekonstrukcí dvou posledních tisíciletí zahrnuje ty rekonstrukční studie klimatu, které přispěly výrazně k moderní shodě o průběhu teplot za posledních 2000 let.
Instrumentální měření teplot pokrývá v globálním měřítku pouze posledních 150 let. Rekonstrukce teplot ze starších období pochází z klimatických proxy dat. Koncept výzkumu historických klimatických dat z vaver v jezerních usazeninách a z letokruhů vznikl ve 30. letech 20. století.[1] První, kdo přišel s myšlenou zkoumat teploty v minulosti byl Hubert Lamb, jeden z prvních paleoklimatologů, který publikoval výzkum na základě údajů z botaniky, z výzkumu historických dokumentů a meteorologických dat. Podle jeho výzkumů bylo období 1000-1200 teplé a bylo následováno studeným obdobím v letech 1500-1700. Teplé středověké období bylo označeno Středověká teplá perioda, studené období Malá doba ledová[2] Následující kvantitativní rekonstrukce používaly statistické techniky uplatněné na různá proxy data a vytvořily tak velkoplošné rekonstrukce teplot.
Kvantitativní rekonstrukce ukázaly konsistentní závěr, že teploty v minulých 2000 letech byly nižší, než teploty dosažené na konci 20. století. Toto poznání vyjádřila studie MBH99[3] v tzv. hokejkovém grafu. Závěry této práce později potvrdilo více, než 20 dalších studií, používajících různé kombinace proxy dat a statistických metod.[4]
Jednotlivé rekonstrukce
editovatPrvní rekonstrukce
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Citované ve Čtvrté hodnotící zprávě IPCC
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Citované v Páté hodnotící zprávě IPCC
editovat- BRIFFA, Keith R., Osborn, Timothy J.; Schweingruber, Fritz H.; Harris, Ian C.; Jones, Philip D.; Shiyatov, Stepan G.; Vaganov, Eugene A. Low-frequency temperature variations from a northern tree ring density network. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2001-02-01, roč. 106, čís. D3, s. 2929. Dostupné online [cit. 2014-02-09]. DOI 10.1029/2000JD900617.
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Ostatní rekonstrukce
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Reference
editovatV tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku List of large-scale temperature reconstructions of the last 2,000 years na anglické Wikipedii.
- ↑ WEART, Spencer R. The Discovery of Global Warming. [s.l.]: [s.n.], February 2013. Dostupné online. Kapitola Changing Sun, Changing Climate.
- ↑ LAMB, H.H. The early medieval warm epoch and its sequel. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 1965-01-01, roč. 1, s. 13–37. DOI 10.1016/0031-0182(65)90004-0.
- ↑ MANN, Michael E., Bradley, Raymond S.; Hughes, Malcolm K. Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Geophysical Research Letters. 1999-03-15, roč. 26, čís. 6, s. 759–762. DOI 10.1029/1999GL900070.
- ↑ FRANK, David, Esper, Jan; Zorita, Eduardo; Wilson, Rob. A noodle, hockey stick, and spaghetti plate: a perspective on high-resolution paleoclimatology. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. 2010-07-01, roč. 1, čís. 4, s. 507–516. DOI 10.1002/wcc.53.