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Šablona:Short description Šablona:Distinguish Šablona:Enzyme Chymosin Šablona:IPAc-en or rennin Šablona:IPAc-en is a protease found in rennet. It is an aspartic endopeptidase belonging to MEROPS A1 family. It is produced by newborn ruminant animals in the lining of the abomasum to curdle the milk they ingest, allowing a longer residence in the bowels and better absorption. It is widely used in the production of cheese. Bovine chymosin is now produced recombinantly in Šablona:Nobr, Aspergillus niger var awamori, and Šablona:Nobr as alternative resource.

Charge interactions between histidines on the kappa-casein and glutamates and aspartates of chymosin initiate enzyme binding to the substrate. When chymosin is not binding substrate, a beta-hairpin, sometimes referred to as "the flap," can hydrogen bond with the active site, therefore covering it and not allowing further binding of substrate.

Examples

Listed below are the ruminant Cym gene and corresponding human pseudogene:

Šablona:Infobox nonhuman protein

Šablona:Infobox protein

FPC was the first artificially produced enzyme to be registered and allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration. In 1999, about 60% of US hard cheese was made with FPC and it has up to 80% of the global market share for rennet.

By 2008, approximately 80% to 90% of commercially made cheeses in the US and Britain were made using FPC. The most widely used fermentation-produced chymosin is produced either using the fungus Aspergillus niger or using Kluyveromyces lactis.

FPC contains only chymosin B, achieving a higher degree of purity compared with animal rennet. FPC can deliver several benefits to the cheese producer compared with animal or microbial rennet, such as higher production yield, better curd texture and reduced bitterness.

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: A01.006

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Fyzikální vlastnosti

Pozice Barnardovy hvězdy v pětiletých intervalech v letech 1985 až 2005

Barnardova hvězda – červený trpaslík spektrální třídy M4 – svítí příliš slabě na to, aby ji bylo možné pozorovat bez dalekohledu. Má zdánlivou hvězdnou velikost 9,54 mag,kdežto nejjasnější hvězda oblohy, Sirius a nejslabší hvězda pozorovatelná pouhým okem 6 mag; proto magnituda 9,54 je pouze 1/27 jasnosti nejslabší hvězdy pozorovatelné pouhým okem za dobrých světelných podmínek.

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