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m r2.5.2) (robot přidal: gl:Duma odebral: ru:Государственная дума; kosmetické úpravy
převedení většiny textu do nového článku Státní Duma
Řádek 1:
'''Duma''' (zkráceně [[ruština|rusky]]: Ду́ма; česky: '''Duma''') je název různých druhů zastupitelstev v moderním [[Rusko|Rusku]] a v ruské historii. Státní Duma v [[Ruské impérium|Ruské říši]] a v [[Ruská federace|Ruské federaci]] odpovídá dolní komoře v parlamentu .Tento systém byl vytvořen za vlády posledního cara Mikuláše II. Duma je také název poradního sboru bývalých ruských vládců, kdy se jí říkalo Duma bojarů.
{{Rozdělit}}
[[Soubor:Emblem gosduma.gif|thumb|Znak Státní dumy Ruské federace]]
 
'''Státní duma''' (zkráceně [[ruština|rusky]]: Ду́ма; česky: '''Duma''') je v současnosti označením pro [[dolní komora|dolní komoru]] [[parlament]]u [[Rusko|Ruské federace]]. Oficiální název je Státní Duma Federálního shromáždění Ruské federace (rusky: Госуда́рственная ду́ма Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации). Označení Duma platilo i v období [[car]]ského Ruska.
 
Duma se skládá z 450 [[poslanec|poslanců]], kteří jsou [[volby|voleni]] na čtyřleté období. Dosavadní volby do komory proběhly v letech 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003 a naposledy 2. prosince 2007. Volební práh pro vstup do komory je po volební reformě stanoven na 7%, do roku 2005 to bylo 5%.
 
V současnosti jsou v Dumě zastoupeny strany [[Jednotné Rusko]] (64,1%), [[Komunistická strana Ruské federace]] (11,6%), [[Liberální demokratická strana Ruska]] (LDPR) (8,2%) a [[Spravedlivé Rusko]] (7,8%).<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7124027.stm</ref> Pozorovatelé [[Organizace pro bezpečnost a spolupráci v Evropě|OBSE]] a [[Rada Evropy|Rady Evropy]] označily poslední volby za nespravedlivé.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7124585.stm</ref>
 
Status Dumy je stanoven v hlavě 5 Ústavy Ruské federace.
 
== Poslední volby ==
{| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
|align="center"| '''Strana'''
|align="center"| '''Hlasy'''
|align="center"| '''%'''
|align="center"| '''+/–'''
|align="center"| '''Křesla'''
|align="center"| '''+/–'''
|-
| [[Jednotné Rusko]] (Единая Россия)
|align="right"| 44 714 241
|align="right"| 64,30
|align="right"| +26,73 {{růst}}
|align="right"| 315
|align="right"| +92 {{růst}}
|-
| [[Komunistická strana Ruské federace]] (Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации)
|align="right"| 8 046 886
|align="right"| 11,57
|align="right"| –1,04 {{pokles}}
|align="right"| 57
|align="right"| +5 {{růst}}
|-
| [[Liberální demokratická strana Ruska]] (Либерально-демократическая Партия России)
|align="right"| 5 660 823
|align="right"| 8,14
|align="right"| –3,31 {{pokles}}
|align="right"| 40
|align="right"| +4 {{růst}}
|-
| [[Spravedlivé Rusko]] (Справедливая Россия)
|align="right"| 5 383 639
|align="right"| 7,74
|align="right"| —
|align="right"| 38
|align="right"| —
|-
| [[Agrární strana Ruska]] (Аграрная Партия России)
|align="right"| 1 600 234
|align="right"| 2,30
|align="right"| –1,33 {{pokles}}
|align="right"| 0
|align="right"| –2 {{pokles}}
|-
| [[Ruská demokratická strana "Jabloko"]] (Российская Демократическая Партия "Яблоко")
|align="right"| 1 108 985
|align="right"| 1,59
|align="right"| –2,71 {{pokles}}
|align="right"| 0
|align="right"| –4 {{pokles}}
|-
| [[Občanská síla]] (Гражданская Сила)
|align="right"| 733 604
|align="right"| 1,05
|align="right"| —
|align="right"| 0
|align="right"| —
|-
| [[Svaz pravicových sil]] (Союз Правых Сил)
|align="right"| 669 444
|align="right"| 0,96
|align="right"| –3,01 {{pokles}}
|align="right"| 0
|align="right"| –3 {{pokles}}
|-
| [[Ruští patrioti|Patrioti Ruska]] (Патриоты России)
|align="right"| 615 417
|align="right"| 0,89
|align="right"| —
|align="right"| 0
|align="right"| —
|-
| [[Ruská strana sociální spravedlnosti|Strana sociální spravedlnosti]] (Партия социальной справедливости)
|align="right"| 154 083
|align="right"| 0,22
|align="right"| –2,87 {{pokles}}
|align="right"| 0
|align="right"| ±0 {{stálost}}
|-
| [[Demokratická strana Ruska]] (Демократическая Партия России)
|align="right"| 89 780
|align="right"| 0,13
|align="right"| –0,09 {{pokles}}
|align="right"| 0
|align="right"| ±0 {{stálost}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| Platné hlasy
|align="right"| 68 777 136
|align="right"| 98,91
|align="right"| —
|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|&nbsp;
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| Neplatné hlasy
|align="right"| 759 929
|align="right"| 1,09
|align="right"| —
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
| '''Celkem (účast 63,71%)'''
|align="right"| '''69 537 065'''
|align="right"| '''100,00'''
|align="right"| '''0'''
|align="right"| '''450'''
|align="right"| '''0'''
|-
|colspan="6"| Zdroj: [http://www.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/region/izbirkom?action=show&root=1&tvd=100100021960186&vrn=100100021960181&region=0&global=1&sub_region=0&prver=0&pronetvd=null&vibid=100100021960186&type=242 Ruská volební komise]
|}
 
== Současné složení ==
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top" | '''Strana'''
! valign="top" | '''Počet mandátů'''
|-
| style="background-color: red"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[Komunistická strana Ruské federace]] (KPRF)
| 57
|-
|style="background-color: #FB607F"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[Spravedlivé Rusko]] (SR)
| 38
|-
| style="background-color: blue"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[Jednotné Rusko]] (JeR)
| 315
|-
| style="background-color: gold"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[Liberální demokratická strana Ruska]] (LDPR)
| 40
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | '''Celkem'''
! '''450'''
|}
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| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: red" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: #FB607F" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: blue" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color: gold" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|}
 
</center>
 
== Související články ==
 
* [[Ruská federace]]
* [[ParlamentStátní Duma]]
 
== Reference ==
Citováno z „https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duma“