Hladina podzemní vody: Porovnání verzí

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you wa me cragy ho wame cragy wame wo and superman en sabi so! you wa me cragy ho wame cragy wame wo and superman en sabi so! you wa m
Řádek 1:
'''Hladina podzemní vody''' (též se používá zkratka '''HPV''') je rozhraní [[zemina|zeminy]] nebo [[hornina|horniny]] plně nasycené vodou s nepropustným nadložím ([[tlak]] na hladině větší než [[atmosférický tlak|atmosférický]]; napjatá hladina) nebo vzduchem (tlak na hladině roven atmosférickému; volná hladina). Protože je tato pod větším tlakem, než je tlak atmosférický, označuje se jako voda napjatá. Napjatá voda většinou tvoří dlouhodobé nebo trvalé těleso, kterému se říká [[zvodeň]].
 
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== Tvar ==
 
Tvar HPV je různý v závislosti na [[struktura (geologie)|struktuře hornin]] a místní [[topografie|topografii]] a mění se v čase. Místa, kde hladina podzemní vody vystupuje na povrch, jsou [[pramen]]y a [[vodoteč]]e. Zvodně vznikají nad vrstvami, kde se voda pronikající z povrchu setká s nepropustnou vrstvou a nemůže dále pokračovat svisle dolů. Voda proto teče skrz propustnou vrstvu více nebo méně vodorovně. K překonání odporu zeminy je ale potřeba značné množství energie (ve formě tlaku), který je možný získat pouze zvýšením hladiny v místě, odkud podzemní voda přitéká (viz [[Bernoulliho rovnice]]). To spolu s [[kapilární jev|kapilárními jevy]] způsobuje velké rozdíly hladin v různých místech téže zvodně.
 
V propustných vrstvách nad souvislou zvodní se někdy nacházejí ostrůvky nepropustných vrstev, nad kterými se mohou vytvářet menší zvodně. Pokud se protíná HPV těchto zvodní se zemským povrchem, mohou vzniknout prameny na svazích údolí.
 
== Změny hladiny ==