Seznam hudebních symbolů: Porovnání verzí
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Řádek 415:
Označuje, že se od tohoto znaménka přechází rovnou ke koncové části, která je rovněž označená kodou. Požití je možné pouze zkrz zkratky ''D. S. al coda'' nebo ''D. C. al coda''.
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== Notace specifická pro nástroj ==
=== Smyčcové nástroje ===
{|
| style="width:120px;" |[[Soubor:Music-pizzicato.svg|100x100pixelů]]
|'''Pizzicato levou rukou'''A note on a stringed instrument where the string is plucked with the left hand (the hand that usually stops the strings) rather than bowed. On the [[French horn|horn]], this accent indicates a "stopped note" (a note played with the stopping hand shoved further into the bell of the horn). In percussion this notation denotes, among many other specific uses, to close the hi-hat by pressing the pedal, or that an instrument is to be "choked" (muted with the hand).
Na [[Smyčcový nástroj|smyčcovém nástroji]] se hraje '''pizzicato levou rukou;''' na [[lesní roh]] se nota hraje tlumená rukou zastrčenou do roztrubu; na [[Bicí nástroj|bicí nástroje]] je způsob hry velmi různorodý, obvykle se hraje zavřením [[Hi-hat|hi-hatu]] pomocí pedálu, nebo ztlumením nástroje rukou.
|-
|[[Soubor:Music-snappizzicato.svg|100x100pixelů]]
|'''Bartókovo pizzicato'''
Nota zahraná vychýlením struny do strany a jejím následným puštěním.
|-
|[[Soubor:Music-harmonic.svg|100x100pixelů]]
|'''[[Harmonic#Harmonics on stringed instruments|Natural harmonic]]''' or '''Open note'''
On a stringed instrument, this means to play a natural harmonic (also called '''flageolet'''). Sometimes, it also denotes that the note to be played is an open string. On a valved brass instrument, it means to play the note "open" (without lowering any valve, or without mute). In organ notation, this means to play a pedal note with the heel (above the note, use the right foot; below the note, use the left foot). In percussion notation this denotes, among many other specific uses, to open the hi-hat by releasing the pedal, or allow an instrument to ring.
|-
|[[Soubor:Music-upbow.svg|100x100pixelů]]
|'''Up bow''' or '''Sull'arco'''
On a bowed string instrument, the note is played while drawing the bow upward. On a plucked string instrument played with a [[plectrum]] or [[Guitar pick|pick]] (such as a [[guitar]] played [[Flatpicking|pickstyle]] or a [[mandolin]]), the note is played with an upstroke.
|-
|[[Soubor:Music-downbow.svg|100x100pixelů]]
|'''Down bow''' or '''Giù arco'''
In contrast to the up bow, here the bow is drawn downward to create sound. On a plucked string instrument played with a [[plectrum]] or [[Guitar pick|pick]] (such as a [[guitar]] played [[Flatpicking|pickstyle]] or a [[mandolin]]), the note is played with a downstroke.
|}
=== Guitar ===
The guitar has a [[fingerpicking]] notation system derived from the names of the fingers in Spanish or Latin. They are written above, below, or beside the note to which they are attached. They read as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Symbol
!Spanish
!Italian
!Latin
!English
!French
|-
|p
|pulgar
|pollice
|pollex
|thumb
|pouce
|-
|i
|índice
|indice
|index
|index
|index
|-
|m
|medio
|medio
|media
|middle
|majeur ou médius
|-
|a
|{{lang|es|anular}}
|anulare
|anularis
|ring
|annulaire<!-- NO NEED TO CHANGE THIS -- "anular" is a Spanish word, and is spelled with only one "n" -->
|-
|c, x, e, q
|meñique
|mignolo
|minimus
|little
|auriculaire
|}
=== Piano ===
==== Pedal marks ====
Pedal marks appear in music for instruments with [[Sustain pedal|sustain pedals]], such as the [[piano]], [[vibraphone]] and [[Tubular bell|chimes]].
{|
| style="width:120px;" |[[Soubor:Pedal_Mark_1.svg|50x50pixelů]]
|'''Engage pedal'''Tells the player to put the [[sustain pedal]] down.
|-
|[[Soubor:Music-pedalup.svg|25x25pixelů]]
|'''Release pedal'''Tells the player to let the sustain pedal up.
|-
|[[Soubor:Music-pedal.svg|50x50pixelů]]
|'''Variable pedal mark'''More accurately indicates the precise use of the sustain pedal. The extended lower line tells the player to keep the sustain pedal depressed for all notes below which it appears. The '''∧''' shape indicates the pedal is to be momentarily released, then depressed again.
|-
|[[Soubor:Mute_on1.JPG|50x50pixelů]]
|'''Con sordino''' (or '''con sordini'''), '''una corda'''
Tells the player to put the [[soft pedal]] down or, for other instruments, apply the [[Mute (music)|mute]].
|-
|[[Soubor:Mute_off1.JPG|50x50pixelů]]
|'''Senza sordino''' (or '''senza sordini'''), '''tre corde''' or '''tutte le corde'''
Tells the player to let the soft pedal up or, for other instruments, remove the mute.
|}
==== Other piano notation ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!left hand
!right hand
|-
! rowspan="2" |English
|l.h.
|r.h.
|-
|left hand
|right hand
|-
! rowspan="2" |German
|l.H.
|r.H.
|-
|''linke Hand''
|''rechte Hand''
|-
! rowspan="2" |French
|m.g.
|m.d.
|-
|''main gauche''
|''main droite''
|-
! rowspan="2" |Italian
|m.s.
|m.d.
|-
|''mano sinistra''
|''mano destra''
|-
! rowspan="2" |Spanish
|m.i.
|m.d.
|-
|''mano izquierda''
|''mano derecha''
|}
{|
|'''1''', '''2''', '''3''', '''4''', '''5'''
| style="padding-left:1em;" |Finger identifications:
'''1''' = thumb
'''2''' = index
'''3''' = middle
'''4''' = ring
'''5''' = little
|}
Old (pre-1940) tutors published in the UK may use "English fingering". '''+''' for thumb, then '''1''' (index), '''2''' (middle), '''3''' (ring) and '''4''' (little).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abrsm.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=4234|title=Scales-continental/ English Fingering|website=The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music|date=20 December 2004|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref>
=== Other stringed instruments ===
(With the exception of harp)
{|
|'''0''', '''1''', '''2''', '''3''', '''4'''
| style="padding-left:1em;" |Finger identifications:
'''0''' = open string (no finger used)
'''1''' = index
'''2''' = middle
'''3''' = ring
'''4''' = little
The thumb is also used by the cello and bass, usually denoted by a T or +
|}
See also [[Fingerstyle guitar#Notation]].
=== Four-mallet percussion ===
{|
|'''1''', '''2''', '''3''', '''4'''
| style="padding-left:1em;" |Mallet identifications:
'''1''' = Far left mallet
'''2''' = Inner-left mallet
'''3''' = Inner-right mallet
'''4''' = Far right mallet
|}
{|
|Some systems reverse the numbers (e.g., '''4''' = Far-left mallet, '''3''' = Inner-left mallet, etc.)
|}
=== Six-mallet percussion ===
{|
|'''1''', '''2''', '''3''', '''4''', '''5''', '''6'''
| style="padding-left:1em;" |Mallet identifications:
'''1''' = Far-left mallet
'''2''' = Middle-left mallet
'''3''' = Inner-left mallet
'''4''' = Inner-right mallet
'''5''' = Middle-right mallet
'''6''' = Far-right mallet
|}
Numbers for six-mallet percussion may be reversed as well.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Paterson|first1=Robert|title=Sounds That Resonate: Selected Developments in Western Bar Percussion During the Twentieth Century|date=2004|publisher=UMI Dissertation Services No. 3114502|location=Cornell University|page=182}}</ref>
== Externí odkazy ==
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