Vlajka Havaje: Porovnání verzí
Smazaný obsah Přidaný obsah
strojový překlad |
pracuje se |
||
Řádek 1:
{{Pracuje se}}
[[Soubor:Flag of
'''Vlajka Havaje''' ({{Vjazyce|haw}} ''Ka Hae Hawai'') byla dříve používána [[Havajské království|Havajským královstvím]], prozatímní vládou (1893–1894), [[Havajská republika|Havajskou republikou]] a Havajským teritoriem (1900–1959). Je to jediná [[Seznam vlajek států Spojených států amerických|vlajka státu USA]], jejíž součástí je státní [[vlajka]] cizí země. Zahrnutí [[Vlajka Spojeného království|vlajky Spojeného království]] je výrazem historických vztahů [[Britské impérium|britského impéria]] s havajským královstvím, zejména s králem [[Kamehameha I.|Kamehamehou I.]]<ref name=Marshall>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ysYpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=%22is+the+only+us+state+flag%22+%22union+jack%22 |last=Marshall |first=Tim |title=A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |year=2017 |isbn=9781501168338 |pages=52-53}}</ref><ref name=Bloss>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4p2iSZXAXUC&q=hawaii+only+state+flag+foreign+country |last=Bloss |first=Janet Adele |title=State Flags |year=1983 |publisher=Willowisp Press |isbn=9780874061833 |page=66}}</ref> Vlajka se dále používala i po roce [[1893]], kdy došlo ke svržení havajské královny [[Liliuokalani]] a posléze k vyhlášení Havajské republiky.
==
[[Soubor:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|vlevo|náhled|upright|vlajka Havaje v roce 1801]]
As part of transfer, the flag, which consisted of the [[Union Jack]] on a field of red-and-white stripes, was taken by Adams during a ceremony with an 11-gun salute.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Friend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mwU-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA43|year=1921|page=43}}</ref>
== Destign ==▼
In 1793, Captain [[George Vancouver]], having previously visited the islands with Captain [[James Cook]], returned in command of [[HMS Discovery (1789)|HMS ''Discovery'']].<ref name="NELSON2011">{{cite book|author=MARK "KAILANA" NELSON|title=Learn to Play Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FY0kpKuXaYwC&pg=PA9|date=4 March 2011|publisher=Mel Bay Publications|isbn=978-1-61065-596-5|page=9}}</ref> During the visit, Vancouver met with [[Kamehameha I]] and presented him with a [[Red Ensign]], used for British civilian vessels.<ref>{{cite book|title=All about Hawaii: The Recognized Book of Authentic Information on Hawaii, Combined with Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0oxAQAAIAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin}}</ref> The [[Kingdom of Ireland]] was not a formal part of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] before 1801, which meant that, at this time, the British flag did not contain the [[Saint Patrick's Cross]] of Ireland. This version of the Red Ensign, as well as the current version which added the cross in 1801, was the unofficial flag of the Kingdom of Hawaii until 1816.<ref name="HealyOrenski2016">{{cite book|author1=Donald T. Healy|author2=Peter J. Orenski|title=Native American Flags|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzReCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA279|date=12 January 2016|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-5575-3|page=279}}</ref>
[[File:Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg|thumb|Flag of Hawaii, 1816–1845]]
[[File:Flag of Hawaii (1896).svg|thumb|Flag of Hawaii in 1896]]
An adviser to Kamehameha noted that the Union Flag could draw Hawaii into international conflict, as his kingdom could be seen as an ally of the United Kingdom, and he subsequently lowered the Union Flag over his home at [[Kamakahonu]]. While disputed as to its historical accuracy, one account stated that in order to placate US interests during the [[War of 1812]], a US flag was raised over Kamehameha's home, only to be removed when UK officers in the court of Kamehameha vehemently objected to it. This would explain why the resulting flag of Hawaii was a deliberate hybrid of the two nations' flags.<ref name="quaife">{{cite book | last = Quaife | first = Milo | authorlink = |author2=M. J. Weig |author3=R. E. Appleman | title = The History of the United States Flag | publisher = Harper | year = 1961 | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/historyofunited00quai/page/154 154] | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofunited00quai | url-access = registration }}</ref>
In 1816, Kamehameha commissioned his own flag to avoid this conflict, which has evolved into the current flag. It was probably designed by one of the commanders of the Royal Hawaiian Navy (which consisted of HHMS ''[[Kaimiloa]]''), former officers of the British [[Royal Navy]], who advised Kamehameha, based on a form of the [[British ensign|British naval flag]]. There is debate as to the actual designer: some credit [[Alexander Adams (Hawaii)|Alexander Adams]], others [[George Charles Beckley]]. It was very similar to the flag of the British [[East India Company]] in use at about this time, which had only red and white stripes. Captain Adams used this flag for the first time on a Hawaiian trade mission to [[Qing dynasty|China]] in 1817.<ref>{{cite book |title= From sword to share: or a fortune in five years at Hawaii |author= Henry Whalley Nicholson |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JfwrAAAAYAAJ/page/n111 83]–85 |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JfwrAAAAYAAJ |publisher= W.H. Allen & Co |year=1889 }}</ref>
There may have been different versions of the flag with different numbers of stripes and colors.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Reversal of the Hawaiian Flag |year=1906|publisher= |author= Howard M. Ballou | ISBN= 0-8028-5088-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ol7GL0CNCH4C&source=gbs_navlinks_s | pages= 5–11}}</ref>
The number of stripes also changed: originally, the flag was designed with either seven or nine horizontal stripes, and in 1845 it was officially changed to eight stripes. The latter arrangement is used today.<ref name="quaife" />
-->
Kanton vlajky Havaje obsahuje unii vlajku Spojeného království, prominentní přes horní čtvrtinu nejblíže k stožáru vlajky. Pole vlajky je složeno z osmi vodorovných pruhů, které symbolizují osm hlavních ostrovů (Hawaiʻi, Maui, Kahoʻolawe, Lānaʻi, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, Kauaʻi a Niʻihau). Jiné verze vlajky mají jen sedm pruhů, pravděpodobně představovat ostrovy s výjimkou Kahoʻolawe nebo Niʻihau. Barva pruhů shora dolů sleduje pořadí: bílá, červená, modrá, bílá, červená, modrá, bílá, červená. Barvy byly standardizovány v 1843, ačkoli jiné kombinace byly viděny a být občas ještě použitý. [10] [11]
V roce 2001 průzkum provedený Severoamerickou vexilologickou asociací (NAVA) umístil Havajskou vlajku na 11. místo v kvalitě designu ze 72 kanadských provinciích amerických států a amerických teritoriálních vlajek.
== Reference ==
<references />
[[Kategorie:Havajská kultura]]
[[Kategorie:Vlajky států USA]]
| |||