Tarquinius Priscus: Porovnání verzí
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== Římský král ==
[[Soubor:Tarquin and the Eagle.gif|náhled|Tarquinius a orel]]
Přestože byl čtvrtý římský král [[Ancus Marcius]] (asi 677–617 př. n. l.) vnukem druhého krále [[Numa Pompilius|Numy Pompilia]] (asi 750 – 672 př. n. l.), neujal se po něm vlády jeho syn, protože v Římě ještě neplatil princip [[Dědičná monarchie|dědičné monarchie]]. Po žádném z prvních tří [[král]]ů se nestal nástupcem jeho syn, neboť všichni jejich následníci byli za vládce prohlášeni římským lidem. Po Marciově smrti se Tarquinius obrátil na [[Římská shromáždění#Comitia curiata|kurijní shromáždění (''comitia curiata'')]] a přesvědčil [[patricij]]e, že by měl být zvolen králem, protože Marciovi synové jsou ještě příliš mladí. Podle Tita Livia byli Marciovi synové v době otcovy smrti na [[lov]]ecké výpravě, a nemohli proto rozhodování shromáždění nikterak ovlivnit.<ref name="TL35">Livius, Titus. [[Dějiny od založení Města]]. 1:35</ref>
Tarquinius podle Tita Livia dal rozšířit počet [[Římský senát#Senát v době královské|senátorů)]] na dvojnásobek, když jej doplnil o sto příslušníků menších předních rodů.<ref name="TL35"/> Mezi nimi byl i rod
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Among these was the family of the [[Octavia (gens)|Octavii]], from whom the first emperor, [[Augustus]], was descended.<ref>[[Suetonius]], ''The Life of Augustus'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus*.html#2 2].</ref>
Tarquin's first war was waged against the [[Latin League#War with Rome under Tarquinius Priscus|Latins]]. Tarquinius took the Latin town of [[Apiolae]] by storm and took great booty from there back to Rome.<ref name=Livy135/> According to the ''[[Fasti Triumphales]]'', this war must have occurred prior to 588 BC.
His military ability was then tested by an [[Roman-Sabine wars#War with Tarquinius Priscus|attack]] from the [[Sabines]], who received auxiliaries from five Etruscan cities{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}. Tarquin doubled the numbers of [[Roman equestrian order|equites]] to help the war effort.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The Sabines were defeated after difficult street fighting in the city of Rome.<ref name="Eutropius1.6">[[Eutropius (historian)|Eutropius]], ''Breviarium historiae romanae'', I, 6.</ref> In the peace negotiations that followed, Tarquin received the town of [[Collatia]], and appointed his nephew, [[Arruns Tarquinius (Egerius)|Arruns Tarquinius]], better known as ''Egerius'', as commander of the garrison there. Tarquin returned to Rome and celebrated a [[Roman triumph|triumph]] on September 13, 585 BC.<ref>''Fasti Triumphales''</ref>
Subsequently, the Latin cities of [[Corniculum (ancient Latin town)|Corniculum]], old [[Ficulea (ancient Latin town)|Ficulea]], [[Cameria]], [[Crustumerium]], [[Ameriola]], [[Medullia]], and [[Nomentum]] were subdued and became Roman.<ref name="Livy138">[[Livy]], ''[[Ab urbe condita libri (Livy)|Ab urbe condita]]'', [[s:From the Founding of the City/Book 1#38|1:38]]</ref>
Since Tarquin had kept the captured Etruscan auxiliaries prisoners for meddling in the war with the Sabines, the five Etruscan cities who had taken part declared war on Rome. Seven other Etruscan cities joined forces with them. The Etruscans soon captured the Roman colony at Fidenae, which thereupon became the focal point of the war. After several bloody battles, Tarquin was once again victorious, and he subjugated the Etruscan cities who had taken part in the war. At the successful conclusion of each of his wars, Rome was enriched by Tarquin's plunder. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
Tarquin is said to have built the [[Circus Maximus]], the first and largest stadium at Rome, for chariot racing. Raised seating was erected privately by the senators and equites, and other areas were marked out for private citizens. There the king established a series of annual games; according to Livy, the first horses and boxers to participate were brought from Etruria.<ref name=Livy135/>
After a great flood, Tarquin drained the damp lowlands of Rome by constructing the [[Cloaca Maxima]], Rome's great sewer. He also constructed a stone wall around the city, and began the construction of a temple in honour of [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]] Optimus Maximus on the [[Capitoline Hill]]. The latter is said to have been funded in part by the plunder seized from the Sabines.<ref name=Livy138/>
According to Florus, Tarquin celebrated his triumphs in the Etruscan fashion, riding a golden chariot drawn by four horses, while wearing a gold-embroidered [[toga]] and the tunica palmata, a tunic upon which palm-leaves were embroidered. He also introduced other Etruscan insignia of civilian authority and military distinction: the [[sceptre]] of the king; the [[trabea]], a purple garment that varied in form, but was perhaps most often used as a mantle; the [[fasces]] carried by the [[lictor]]s; the [[curule seat|curule chair]]; the [[toga#Varieties|toga praetexta]], later worn by various magistrates and officials; the rings worn by [[Roman Senate|senators]]; the [[paludamentum]], a cloak associated with military command; and the [[phalera (military decoration)|phalera]], a disc of metal worn on a soldier's breastplate during parades, or displayed on the standards of various military units.<ref name="Florus1.5.6">[[Florus]], ''Epitoma de Tito Livio bellorum omnium annorum DCC'', I, 5.6.</ref> Strabo reports that Tarquin introduced Etruscan sacrificial and divinitory rites, as well as the [[Roman tuba|tuba]], a straight horn used chiefly for military purposes.<ref>Strabo, Geographia, V, 2.2</ref> <ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Tarquinius Priscus, Lucius|volume=26}}</ref>
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== Reference ==
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