Kumáni: Porovnání verzí

Šlo o [[Turkické národy|turkické]]<ref>Robert Lee Wolff: "The 'Second Bulgarian Empire.' Its Origin and History to 1204" ''Speculum'', Volume 24, Issue 2 (April 1949), 179; "Thereafter, the influx of Pechenegs and Cumans turned Bulgaria into a battleground between Byzantium and these Turkish tribes..."</ref><ref>Bartusis, Mark C., ''The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453'', (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992), 26; "Around 1239 a large group of Cumans--a Turkic people of the steppes...."</ref><ref name="spinei_rom">{{cite book|last=Spinei|first=Victor|title=The Romanians and the Turkic nomads north of the Danube Delta from the tenth to the mid-thirteenth century |place=Leiden|publisher=Brill|year=2009|page=116 }}</ref> nomády, kteří byli součástí západní větve kumánsko-[[Kypčaci|kypčacké]] [[Kumánie|konfedereace]]. Po [[Mongolská říše#Invaze do Ruska|mongolské invazi]] (1237), mnoho z nich hledalo [[Azyl|útočistě]] v [[Uhry|Uhrách]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146369/Cuman |title=Cuman (people) | work=Britannica Online Encyclopedia |date= |accessdate=2011-04-13}}</ref> a následně v [[Bulharská říše|Bulharsku]]. Kumáni však v Uhrách i Bulharsku sídlili i před invazí.<ref name="goliath.ecnext.com">{{cite web |url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5359391/Mitochondrial-DNA-of-ancient-Cumanians.html |title=Mitochondrial-DNA-of-ancient-Cumanians |publisher=Goliath.ecnext.com |date= |accessdate=2014-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124105240/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5359391/Mitochondrial-DNA-of-ancient-Cumanians.html |archive-date=2010-01-24 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>István Vásáry (2005) ''Cumans and Tatars'', Cambridge University Press, pg 2</ref><ref name="Early Inner Asia pg 283">The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Denis Sinor, pg 283</ref>