Ed Westcott: Porovnání verzí
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[[Soubor:Robert Oppenheimer 1946.jpg|thumb|Ed Westcott: [[Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer]], [[Alexander Inn|Oak Ridge Guest House]], 14. února, [[1946]]]]
'''James Edward Westcott''' (* [[20. leden|20. ledna]] [[1922]] [[Chattanooga]], [[Tennessee]], [[Spojené státy americké|USA]]) je americký [[fotograf]], který pracoval pro americkou vládu v [[Oak Ridge]], [[Tennessee]] během [[Projekt Manhattan|projektu Manhattan]] v době studené války. Jako jeden z mála lidí měl dovoleno fotografovat v rámci projektu Manhattan v Oak Ridge
== Život a dílo ==
Narodil se [[20. leden|20. ledna]] 1922 ve městě [[Chattanooga]] jako syn Jamie a Lucille Westcottovým
== Fotografie pro projekt Manhattan ==
V prosinci 1942 byl dvacetiletý Westcott armádním sborem převeden do tajné továrny společnosti Clinton Engineer Works v Oak Ridge<ref name="LeePage16">Baldwin Lee (2005), "James Edward Westcott: Photographer", in: ''Through the Lens of Ed Westcott, A Photographic History of World War II's Secret City'', University of Tennessee. ISBN 0-9761663-1-3.
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In June 1945, Westcott became an Army employee again, and in the post-war years he transitioned to employment with the [[U.S. Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC) after its formation in 1946.<ref name="sunsite" /> In 1966 he was assigned to the AEC headquarters near [[Washington, DC]], in [[Germantown, Maryland]], where he worked for the AEC and its successor agencies (the [[Energy Research and Development Administration]] and [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]) until retiring in 1977.<ref name="DRaySmith2006" /><ref name="Children" /><ref name="NARA91-2">[[National Archives and Records Administration]], Scope and Content of Photographs of Construction, Facilities, and Community Life at Oak Ridge and Other Manhattan Project Sites (1943-1946), Accession Number NN3-434-91-2. Retrieved from http://www.nara.gov/,
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Během třiceti pěti let své profesionální kariéry vytvořil také rozsáhlou kolekci portrétů mnoha pozoruhodných lidí, včetně vědců [[Projekt Manhattan|projektu Manhattan]]: Mezi nimi byli také: [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], [[Arthur Compton]], [[Glenn Seaborg]], [[Vannevar Bush]], [[Ernest O. Lawrence]], a [[James Bryant Conant]], americký armádní generál [[Leslie Groves]] a [[Maxwell Taylor]], admirál [[Kenneth Nichols]],
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Westcott's February 1946 photo portrait of Oppenheimer is highly regarded for depicting the Manhattan Project scientific director as a man weary from the tremendous weight of his experience. When he met with Oppenheimer, Westcott learned that the [[physicist]] wanted a [[cigarette]] but lacked the [[coin|change]] to buy some. After Westcott gave him the money he needed, Oppenheimer bought his cigarettes and lit one. Westcott then captured the image of the physicist sitting next to a [[fireplace mantel]] in the [[Alexander Inn|Oak Ridge Guest House]] holding the freshly lighted cigarette in his hand.<ref>Frank Munger, [http://blogs.knoxnews.com/munger/2010/06/oppenheimer.html Oppenheimer], "Atomic City Underground" blog, ''[[Knoxville News-Sentinel]]'' website, June 30, 2010</ref> In spite of the informality suggested by the cigarette, [[University of Tennessee]] photography professor Baldwin Lee points out that the photo was carefully planned and posed. According to Lee, Westcott instructed Oppenheimer to sit "slightly askance" and to lean forward slightly, and then he took the photograph from a low vantage point that "makes the viewer physically look up at the man," thus enhancing the subject's perceived importance. Lee's critique also notes that Oppenheimer's gaze does not appear to be directed anywhere in the room, but instead is aimed at "something very distant and something only he can see."<ref name="LeePage23">Baldwin Lee (2005), "James Edward Westcott: Photographer", in: ''Through the Lens of Ed Westcott, A Photographic History of World War II's Secret City'', University of Tennessee. ISBN 0-9761663-1-3.
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== Výstavy a publikace ==
Hodně jeho fotografií bylo přísně tajných vzápětí od okamžiku, kdy byly vytvořeny. Některé z nich tak zůstaly klasifikovány na mnoho let, ale v současné době je přístup k jeho dílu bez omezení.<ref name="YatesPage13" /> Asi 5000 negativů je spravováno v archivu [[National Archives and Records Administration]].<ref name="DRaySmith2006" /> Jeho fotografie byly často reprodukovány, často bez jeho uvedení jako fotografa<ref name="YatesPage13" /> v publikacích a exponátech o projektu Manhattan.
Řádek 31 ⟶ 29:
==Personal==
Westcott resides in Oak Ridge. He was married to Esther Seigenthaler Westcott for 56 years before her death. They were the parents of five children.<ref name="DRaySmith2006" /><ref name="LeePage18">Baldwin Lee (2005), "James Edward Westcott: Photographer", in: ''Through the Lens of Ed Westcott, A Photographic History of World War II's Secret City'', University of Tennessee. ISBN 0-9761663-1-3.
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<gallery heights="160" widths ="160">
File:GraphiteReactor.jpg|Reaktor
File:S50plant.jpg|Továrna S50, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1945
File:Alpha calutron tank.jpg|Alpha calutron tank
File:X10 Reactor Face.jpg|Pracovníci vkládají uranové tyče do reaktoru X10 v Oak Ridge, projekt Manhattan, byl to vůbec první reaktor využívaný k výrobě, nyní národní kulturní památka a součást Oak Ridge National Laboratory, otevřen k veřejným prohlídkám
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