Draslíkový kanál: Porovnání verzí
Smazaný obsah Přidaný obsah
m změna umístění pahýlu, odstranění nadbytečného odřádkování |
+převz. z anglické značka: editor wikitextu 2017 |
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Řádek 3:
Obecně však mohou draslíkové kanály spadat do několika kategorií: některé se otevírají vlivem změněné polarity membrány (napěťově řízené kanály), jiné reagují na zvýšenou koncentraci [[vápník]]u nebo zvýšení poměru [[adenosintrifosfát|ATP]]/[[adenosindifosfát|ADP]] v buňce, další reagují až po navázání ligandu na [[receptor]]. Draslíkové kanály mají obvykle šest nebo dvě [[transmembránová doména|transmembránové domény]].<ref name="cammack" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Typy dráslikových kanálů<ref name=Rang60>{{cite book | author=Rang, HP | title = Pharmacology | publisher = Churchill Livingstone | location = Edinburgh | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-443-07145-4 | oclc = | doi = | page = 60 }}</ref>
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|'''Class'''
! Subclasses
!Funkce
!Blokátory
!Aktivátory
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| [[Calcium-activated potassium channel|Calcium-activated]] <br /> 6[[transmembrane helix|T]] & 1[[pore-forming loop|P]]
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* [[BK kanál]]
* [[SK kanál]]
* [[IK kanál]]
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* inhibice důsledkem zvýšení intracelulární koncentrace vápníku
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* [[charybdotoxin]], [[iberiotoxin]]
* [[apamin]]
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* 1-EBIO
* NS309
* CyPPA
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|rowspan=3 | [[Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel|Inwardly rectifying]] <br /> 2[[transmembrane helix|T]] & 1[[pore-forming loop|P]]
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* [[ROMK]] (K<sub>ir</sub>1.1)
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* recyklace a vylučování draslíku v [[nefron]]s
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* Neselktivně: Ba<sup>2+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>
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* none
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* [[G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel|GPCR regulated]] (K<sub>ir</sub>3.x)
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* zprostředkuje inhibici mnoha[[GPCR]]s
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* [[GPCR]] antagonisté
* [[ifenprodil]]<ref name="pmid16123769">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kobayashi T, Washiyama K, Ikeda K | title = Inhibition of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channels by ifenprodil | journal = Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 516–24 | date = Mar 2006 | pmid = 16123769 | doi = 10.1038/sj.npp.1300844 }}</ref>
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* [[GPCR]] agonisté
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* [[ATP-sensitive K+ channels|ATP-sensitive]] (K<sub>ir</sub>6.x)
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* close when [[ATP]] is high to promote [[inzulin]] secretion
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* [[glibenclamide]]
* [[tolbutamide]]
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* [[diazoxid]]
* [[pinacidil]]
* [[minoxidil]]
* [[nicorandil]]
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| [[Tandememová pórová doména draslíkového kanálu|Tandem pore domain]] <br /> 4[[transmembrane helix|T]] & 2[[pore-forming loop|P]]
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* TWIK ([[KCNK1|TWIK-1]], [[KCNK6|TWIK-2]], [[KCNK7]])<ref name="pmid20393194">{{cite journal | vauthors = Enyedi P, Czirják G | title = Molecular background of leak K+ currents: two-pore domain potassium channels | journal = Physiological Reviews | volume = 90 | issue = 2 | pages = 559–605 | date = Apr 2010 | pmid = 20393194 | doi = 10.1152/physrev.00029.2009 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17652773">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lotshaw DP | title = Biophysical, pharmacological, and functional characteristics of cloned and native mammalian two-pore domain K+ channels | journal = Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics | volume = 47 | issue = 2 | pages = 209–56 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17652773 | doi = 10.1007/s12013-007-0007-8 }}</ref>
* TREK ([[KCNK2|TREK-1]], [[KCNK10|TREK-2]], [[KCNK4|TRAAK]]<ref name="pmid9628867">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fink M, Lesage F, Duprat F, Heurteaux C, Reyes R, Fosset M, Lazdunski M | title = A neuronal two P domain K+ channel stimulated by arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 17 | issue = 12 | pages = 3297–308 | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9628867 | pmc = 1170668 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/17.12.3297 }}</ref>)<ref name="pmid20393194"/><ref name="pmid17652773"/>
* TASK ([[KCNK3|TASK-1]], [[KCNK9|TASK-3]], [[KCNK15|TASK-5]])<ref name="pmid20393194"/><ref name="pmid17652773"/>
* TALK ([[KCNK5|TASK-2]],<ref name="pmid11256078">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goldstein SA, Bockenhauer D, O'Kelly I, Zilberberg N | title = Potassium leak channels and the KCNK family of two-P-domain subunits | journal = Nature Reviews. Neuroscience | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 175–84 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11256078 | doi = 10.1038/35058574 }}</ref> [[KCNK16|TALK-1]], [[KCNK17|TALK-2]])<ref name="pmid20393194"/><ref name="pmid17652773"/>
* THIK ([[KCNK13|THIK-1]], [[KCNK12|THIK-2]])<ref name="pmid20393194"/><ref name="pmid17652773"/>
* [[KCNK18|TRESK]]<ref name="pmid20393194"/><ref name="pmid17652773"/><ref name="pmid12754259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sano Y, Inamura K, Miyake A, Mochizuki S, Kitada C, Yokoi H, Nozawa K, Okada H, Matsushime H, Furuichi K | title = A novel two-pore domain K+ channel, TRESK, is localized in the spinal cord | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 30 | pages = 27406–12 | date = Jul 2003 | pmid = 12754259 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M206810200 }}</ref><ref name="pmid14981085">{{cite journal | vauthors = Czirják G, Tóth ZE, Enyedi P | title = The two-pore domain K+ channel, TRESK, is activated by the cytoplasmic calcium signal through calcineurin | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 18 | pages = 18550–8 | date = Apr 2004 | pmid = 14981085 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M312229200 }}</ref>
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* podporuje [[klidový potenciál]]
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* [[bupivacaine]]<ref name="pmid10201682">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kindler CH, Yost CS, Gray AT | title = Local anesthetic inhibition of baseline potassium channels with two pore domains in tandem | journal = Anesthesiology | volume = 90 | issue = 4 | pages = 1092–102 | date = Apr 1999 | pmid = 10201682 | doi = 10.1097/00000542-199904000-00024 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11249964">{{cite journal | vauthors = Meadows HJ, Randall AD | title = Functional characterisation of human TASK-3, an acid-sensitive two-pore domain potassium channel | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = 551–9 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11249964 | doi = 10.1016/S0028-3908(00)00189-1 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12660311">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kindler CH, Paul M, Zou H, Liu C, Winegar BD, Gray AT, Yost CS | title = Amide local anesthetics potently inhibit the human tandem pore domain background K+ channel TASK-2 (KCNK5) | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 306 | issue = 1 | pages = 84–92 | date = Jul 2003 | pmid = 12660311 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.103.049809 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12760993">{{cite journal | vauthors = Punke MA, Licher T, Pongs O, Friederich P | title = Inhibition of human TREK-1 channels by bupivacaine | journal = Anesthesia and Analgesia | volume = 96 | issue = 6 | pages = 1665–73 | date = Jun 2003 | pmid = 12760993 | doi = 10.1213/01.ANE.0000062524.90936.1F }}</ref>
* [[quinidine]]<ref name="pmid11249964"/><ref name="pmid8605869">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lesage F, Guillemare E, Fink M, Duprat F, Lazdunski M, Romey G, Barhanin J | title = TWIK-1, a ubiquitous human weakly inward rectifying K+ channel with a novel structure | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 15 | issue = 5 | pages = 1004–11 | date = Mar 1996 | pmid = 8605869 | pmc = 449995 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9312005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Duprat F, Lesage F, Fink M, Reyes R, Heurteaux C, Lazdunski M | title = TASK, a human background K+ channel to sense external pH variations near physiological pH | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 16 | issue = 17 | pages = 5464–71 | date = Sep 1997 | pmid = 9312005 | pmc = 1170177 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.17.5464 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9812978">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reyes R, Duprat F, Lesage F, Fink M, Salinas M, Farman N, Lazdunski M | title = Cloning and expression of a novel pH-sensitive two pore domain K+ channel from human kidney | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 273 | issue = 47 | pages = 30863–9 | date = Nov 1998 | pmid = 9812978 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.47.30863 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10784345">{{cite journal | vauthors = Meadows HJ, Benham CD, Cairns W, Gloger I, Jennings C, Medhurst AD, Murdock P, Chapman CG | title = Cloning, localisation and functional expression of the human orthologue of the TREK-1 potassium channel | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 439 | issue = 6 | pages = 714–22 | date = Apr 2000 | pmid = 10784345 | doi = 10.1007/s004240050997 }}</ref>
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* [[halothane]]<ref name="pmid11249964"/><ref name="pmid10321245">{{cite journal | vauthors = Patel AJ, Honoré E, Lesage F, Fink M, Romey G, Lazdunski M | title = Inhalational anesthetics activate two-pore-domain background K+ channels | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 2 | issue = 5 | pages = 422–6 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10321245 | doi = 10.1038/8084 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10839924">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gray AT, Zhao BB, Kindler CH, Winegar BD, Mazurek MJ, Xu J, Chavez RA, Forsayeth JR, Yost CS | title = Volatile anesthetics activate the human tandem pore domain baseline K+ channel KCNK5 | journal = Anesthesiology | volume = 92 | issue = 6 | pages = 1722–30 | date = Jun 2000 | pmid = 10839924 | doi = 10.1097/00000542-200006000-00032 }}</ref>
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| [[Napěťově řízený draslíkový kanál|Voltage-gated]] <br /> 6[[transmembrane helix|T]] & 1[[pore-forming loop|P]]
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* [[hERG]] (K<sub>v</sub>11.1)
* [[KvLQT1]] (K<sub>v</sub>7.1)
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* [[akční potenciál ]] [[repolarizace]]
* limits frequency of action potentials (disturbances cause [[Cardiac dysrhythmie|dysrhythmie]])
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* [[tetraethylamonium]]
* [[4-Aminopyridin|4-aminopyridin]]
* [[dendrotoxin]]s (some types)
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* [[retigabine]] (K<sub>v</sub>7)<ref name=Rogawski>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rogawski MA, Bazil CW | title = New molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs: alpha(2)delta, SV2A, and K(v)7/KCNQ/M potassium channels | journal = Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 345–52 | date = Jul 2008 | pmid = 18590620 | pmc = 2587091 | doi = 10.1007/s11910-008-0053-7 }}</ref>
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== Reference ==
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