Theodore Harold Maiman: Porovnání verzí

'''Theodore Harold Maiman''' ([[11. červenec|11. července]] [[1927]] - [[5. květen|5. května]] [[2007]]) byl [[Spojené státy americké|americký]] [[fyzika|fyzik]] a inženýr, považovaný za vynálezce prvního funkčního [[laser|laseru]]. <ref name="Lengyel">{{Cite book |first=Bela A. |last=Lengyel |title=Lasers: Generation of Light by Simulated Emission |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=1962 |pages=22–28 |isbn=}}</ref><ref name="Bromberg">{{Cite book |last=Bromberg |first=Joan Lisa |title=The Laser in America, 1950-1970 |publisher=MIT Press |year=1991 |pages=86–92}}</ref><ref name="Bertolotti">{{Cite book |first=Mario |last=Bertolotti |title=The History of the Laser |publisher=Institute of Physics Publishing |year=2005 |pages=226–234}}</ref><ref name="Townes">{{Cite web |first=Charles H. |last=Townes |title=The First Laser |work=A Century of Nature: Twenty-One Discoveries that Changed Science and the World|editor=Laura Garwin and Tim Lincoln |publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2003|pages=107–12|url=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/284158_townes.html}}</ref><ref name="Hecht">{{Cite book|first=Jeff|last=Hecht|title=Beam: The Race to Make the Laser|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|pages=106–15, 169–82}}</ref><ref name="Johnson">{{Cite web|first=John Jr.|last=Johnson|date=May 11, 2008|title=Theodore H. Maiman, at age 32; scientist created the first LASER|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name="History">{{Cite web|work=Physics History: May 16, 1960|title=Maiman Builds First Working Laser |date=May 2010 |publisher=APS News 19 |url=http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201005/physicshistory.cfm}}</ref> Maimanův laser vedl k vývoji mnoha dalších typů laserů. <ref name="LaserFest">{{Cite web|title=The First Ruby Laser|publisher=LaserFest|url=http://www.laserfest.org/lasers/how/ruby.cfm|accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Voilá">{{Cite web|title=Voila. That was it! The Laser was born! Celebrating 50 Years of Laser Technology, 1960-2010|publisher=HRL Laboratories LLC|url=http://www.hrl.com/lasers/lsr_laser.html|accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref> První laser byl představen v červenci [[1960]] na tiskové konferenci v Manhattanu Maimanem a jeho zaměstnavatelem, firmou [[Hughes Aircraft Company]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrl.com/lasers/pdfs/maiman_60.07.07.pdf|title=Speech by Dr. Theodore H. Maiman, Hughes Aircraft Company, at a Press Conference at the Hotel Delmonico|location=New York|date=July 7, 1960|accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref> Maiman waszískal grantedna alaser patent for his invention,<ref name="laserpatent">{{US patent|3353115}}</ref> Maiman získal na laser patent a za svůj objev získal řadu ocenění.

V květnu 1960 jeho laser emitoval první koherentní světlo, veškeré záření mělo stejnou vlnovou délku a bylo ve fázi. Maiman objev publikoval v [[Nature]] <!-- ref name="Martin"/--><ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Maiman2">{{cite journal|author=Maiman, Theodore|title=Stimulated Optical Radiation in Ruby|journal=Nature|date=August 6, 1960|volume=187|issue=4736|pages=493–94|doi=10.1038/187493a0|bibcode=1960Natur.187..493M}}</ref> a následně publikoval i další dva odborné články týkající se základní vědy a techniky laserů. <ref name="Maiman3">{{Cite journal|first=T.H.|last=Maiman|date=June 1, 1960|title=Optical and Microwave-Optical Experiments in Ruby|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=4|issue=11|pages=564–66|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.4.564|bibcode=1960PhRvL...4..564M}}</ref><ref name="Maiman4">{{Cite journal|first=T.H.|last=Maiman|date=September 1960|title=Optical Maser Action in Ruby|journal=British Communications & Electronics|pages=674–76|accessdate=December 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Maiman5">{{Cite journal|first=T.H.|last=Maiman|date=November 1960|title=TC1 Stimulated Optical Emission in Ruby|journal=Journal of the Optical Society of America|volume=50|number=11|page=1134|accessdate=December 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Maiman6">{{Cite journal|first=T.H.|last=Maiman|date=August 15, 1961|title=Stimulated Optical Emission in Fluorescent Solids I: Theoretical Considerations|journal=Physical Review|volume=123|issue=4|pages=1145–50|doi=10.1103/physrev.123.1145|bibcode=1961PhRv..123.1145M}}</ref><ref name="Hoskins">{{Cite journal|author1=T.H. Maiman |author2=R.H. Hoskins |author3=I.J. D'Haenens |author4=C.K. Asawa |author5=V. Evtuhov |last-author-amp=yes |date=August 15, 1961|title=Stimulated Optical Emission in Fluorescent Solids II: Spectroscopy and Stimulated Emission in Ruby|journal=Physical Review|volume=123|issue=4|pages=1151–57|doi=10.1103/physrev.123.1151|bibcode=1961PhRv..123.1151M}}</ref>