Seznam nejstarších univerzit: Porovnání verzí
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'''Seznam nejstarších univerzit''' zahrnuje vysoké školy, které splňují definici [[univerzita|univerzity]]<ref>{{Citation | last = Bender | first = Thomas | author-link = | title = The university and the city: from medieval origins to the present | place = Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1991 | pages = 13–14 | quote = The statement that all universities are descended either directly or by migration from these three prototypes [Oxford, Paris, and Bologna] depends, of course, on one's definition of a university. And I must define a university very strictly here. A university is something more than a center of higher education and study. One must reserve the term ''university'' for—and I'm quoting Rashdall here—"a scholastic guild, whether of masters or students, engaged in higher education and study," which was later defined, after the emergence of universities, as ''studium generale''. | isbn = 978-0-19-506775-0 }}</ref> a byly založeny před rokem [[1500]]. Univerzita je považována za klasický výtvor středověké Evropy.<ref>Sanz, Nuria; Bergan, Sjur (eds.): ''The Heritage of European Universities'', Council of Europe, 2002, ISBN 978-92-871-4960-2, p. 119: ''In many respects, if there is any institution that Europe can most justifiably claim as one of its inventions, it is the university. As proof thereof and without wishing here to recount the whole history of the birth of universities, it will suffice to describe briefly how the invention of universities took the form of a polycentric process of specifically European origin.''</ref><ref>[[:de:Walter Rüegg|Rüegg, Walter]]: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): ''A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages'', Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-36105-2, pp. XIX–XX: ''The university is a European institution; indeed, it is the European institution ''par excellence''. There are various reasons for this assertion. As a community of teachers and taught, accorded certain rights, such as administrative autonomy and the determination and realization of curricula (courses of study) and of the objectives of research as well as the award of publicly recognized degrees, it is a creation of medieval Europe, which was the Europe of papal Christianity...No other European institution has spread over the entire world in the way in which the traditional form of the European university has done. The degrees awarded by European universities – the bachelor's degree, the licentiate, the master's degree, and the doctorate – have been adopted in the most diverse societies throughout the world. The four medieval faculties of artes – variously called philosophy, letters, arts, arts and sciences, and humanities –, law, medicine, and theology have survived and have been supplemented by numerous disciplines, particularly the social sciences and technological studies, but they remain none the less at the heart of universities throughout the world. Even the name of the universitas, which in the Middle Ages was applied to corporate bodies of the most diverse sorts and was accordingly applied to the corporate organization of teachers and students, has in the course of centuries been given a more particular focus: the university, as a universitas litterarum, has since the eighteenth century been the intellectual institution which cultivates and transmits the entire corpus of methodically studied intellectual disciplines.''</ref><ref name="Verger 2003">[[
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